In February 2024, forest fires broke out in many places in central Chile. 136 people have been killed, about 15,000 houses have been damaged, nearly 160,000 people have been left homeless, a large number of forests have been burned, and the affected area exceeds 11,000 hectares.
Cause analysis:
Chile is in summer, which is a high-incidence period for forest fires. The central region has been hit by heat waves, and the temperature in some areas has reached 40 degrees Celsius. The complex weather conditions of high temperature and strong winds for several days are important factors for the rapid spread of fires. In addition, there are several fire points in the fire that caught fire at the same time, and there is a possibility of deliberate arson. In addition, due to the superposition of the El Niño phenomenon and the long-term trend of global warming, Chile has been suffering from a continuous drought in the past decade. This is also considered to be the longest drought in Chile in 1,000 years. This severe drought not only puts great pressure on water supply, but also dries up the surface, thus laying hidden dangers for fires, causing a sharp increase in Chilean forest fires in the past few years.
The following are material solutions for the Chilean forest fires in 2024:
Fire-fighting equipment
Wind-powered fire extinguishers: can generate strong winds to blow away flames, suppress fires, and prevent them from spreading. They are effective in the early stages of fires and when extinguishing surface fires. A certain number should be equipped according to the scale of the fire and the needs of firefighting.
High-pressure water mist fire extinguishers: can quickly spray water mist, cover a large area, absorb heat and cool down, isolate air to extinguish fires, and reduce smoke. They are suitable for a variety of fire scenarios, especially when they are close to residential areas or when important facilities need to be protected. Sufficient numbers and corresponding equipment are required. Items.
Fire extinguishing water gun: with long range and large water volume, it can spray water to extinguish fire from a long distance. It can be used in conjunction with fire trucks or fire pumps to enhance the fire extinguishing effect. It is necessary to ensure that the number of water guns and the length of water hoses can meet the needs of the fire scene.
Forest fire extinguishing bomb: with great fire extinguishing power and wide coverage, it is suitable for fighting large-scale forest fires. It can be quickly delivered to the concentrated area of fire points by airdrop or manual throwing, and play a large-scale fire extinguishing role. It is necessary to reserve an appropriate amount of fire extinguishing bombs according to the area and severity of the fire.
Protective equipment
Fireproof clothing: with good Heat insulation, fire prevention, and wear resistance, protect firefighters from flames and high temperature damage. Ensure that each person involved in firefighting is equipped, and prepare a certain number of spare fireproof clothing.
Firefighting protective gloves: high temperature resistance, cut resistance, to ensure the safety of firefighters’ hand operations, need to be equipped with a number of gloves that match the fireproof clothing.
Forest firefighting boots: non-slip, heat insulation, waterproof, provide protection for firefighters’ feet, prevent burns or stabs by sharp objects, should be fully equipped according to the number of personnel.
Breathing self-rescue protector: provide clean air at the fire scene, protect the firefighters’ respiratory system, prevent inhalation of toxic and harmful gases and smoke, equipped according to the number of people involved in the rescue, and ensure that there are enough spare gas cylinders.
Rescue equipment
Rope rescue system: used for rescue operations in complex terrain or steep slopes, to help rescuers and wounded people transfer safely, equipped with ropes of different lengths and strengths and related accessories according to the actual situation of the rescue site.
Stretcher: used to transport injured people, to ensure that the injured can be treated in time, should be equipped with a sufficient number of stretchers, and ensure that they are reliable in quality and easy to use.
First aid kit: contains common medicines and first aid supplies, and provides initial treatment for injured persons. Each rescue team or camp should be equipped with an appropriate amount of first aid kits, and regularly check and replenish medicines and supplies.
Communication equipment
Interphone: Ensure smooth communication between rescue teams at the fire scene and between the rescue team and the command center. Determine the number of interphones according to the size of the personnel and the scope of the site, and set up the channels and communication protocols in advance.
Satellite phone: In remote mountainous areas or signal interruption areas where conventional communication networks cannot cover, ensure communication with the outside world, and equip several satellite phones as emergency communication means.
Logistics support materials
Tents: Provide temporary rest and living places for rescuers, and build a sufficient number of tents according to the number of rescuers and the expected rescue time.
Sleeping bags: Ensure the warmth of rescuers at night or when resting, and the number should match the number of people accommodated in the tent.
Food and drinking water: Provide for rescuers Sufficient food and drinking water to maintain their physical strength and life needs, which need to be reasonably reserved according to the rescue time and the number of personnel, and regularly replenished and updated.
Monitoring equipment
Infrared thermal imager: used to detect hidden fire points and monitor the direction of fire spread, help firefighters to find potential dangers in time, and improve fire fighting efficiency. A certain number of infrared thermal imagers should be equipped, and special personnel should be arranged to operate and monitor.
UAV: Equipped with high-definition cameras and thermal imaging equipment, it can conduct all-round and real-time monitoring of the fire scene, provide accurate information for command decision-making, and can also be used for tasks such as material transportation and personnel search and rescue. According to the scope and complexity of the fire, an appropriate number of drones are equipped.
Toxic and harmful gas monitor: Real-time monitoring of the concentration of toxic and harmful gases at the fire scene and the surrounding area to ensure the safety of rescue personnel. Before entering the fire scene and during the rescue process, the monitor should be used for detection.
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